Centre for Economic and Regional Studies Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence

KTI seminar

05/03/2018

Giovanna D’Inverno / IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca/

The effect of additional resources for disadvantaged students: Evidence from a conditional efficiency model /Authors: Kristof De Witte, Mike Smet, Giovanna D’Inverno/

Abstract:

Inequalities in educational and lifelong learning opportunities prevent individuals from reaching their full potential and their personal satisfaction. To reduce the impact of disadvantaged backgrounds on educational achievement, many policies have been promoted. Among them, the Flemish Community of Belgium offers an interesting setting given the inequality level experienced by its educational system. Specifically, the Flemish Ministry of Education enacted a program to provide additional funding to schools with a significant proportion of disadvantaged students. These additional resources are allocated according to an exogenous cut-off. We exploit this information to evaluate the effect of additional funding for disadvantaged students on educational outcomes by using a conditional efficiency analysis. Particular attention is devoted to the impact of socio-economic background variables. Our analysis relies on administrative data on students in secondary education in Flanders.

Helyszín: MTA Humán Tudományok Kutatóháza, 1097 Budapest, Tóth Kálmán utca 4. fszt. K13 terem

KTI seminar

05/07/2018

 

Bíró Anikó

Labour market consequences of motherhood timing: a bounding estimation with imperfect instrument and selectivity  /habilitációs előadás/

 

Abstract:

 

We analyse the causal effects of the timing of first birth on female labour market outcomes. Uncovering these effects helps us understand how motherhood timing has contributed to reductions in gender gaps in pay and participation. We use pregnancy loss as a source of partially exogenous variation in first birth timing. We use detailed health insurance and social security administrative data from Austria to document and address two potential sources of bias when using the pregnancy loss instrument: pregnancy loss has negative mental health effects, and there is positive selection into observed motherhood following a loss. We pursue an identification approach that takes account of and corrects for both biases. We find that uncorrected estimates for the effect of delayed motherhood on female earnings, experience and daily wages are likely too large. Still, we estimate positive and relatively large returns to delay. We therefore consider possible mechanisms for such effects.

Helyszín: MTA Humán Tudományok Kutatóháza, 1097 Budapest, Tóth Kálmán utca 4. fszt. K13 terem

Seminar of The Institute of World Economics

05/10/2018

INVITATION

 The Institute of World Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies of the

Hungarian Academy of Sciences cordially invites you

to the presentation on

“Evaluation of the industrial policy of the EU and

Turkey in terms of global economic developments”

to be delivered by:

ÖZLEM GENÇ

Ankara University, Faculty of Political Science

Please, register at vgi.titkarsag@krtk.mta.hu

Helyszín: MTA Humán Tudományok Kutatóháza, T. Building 4th floor 24., 4 Tóth Kálmán street, 1097 Budapest

KTI seminar

05/14/2018

Reizer Balázs
Gender Difference in skill content of jobs

Absztrakt
More than half of the gender wage gap can be attributed to differences in wages within occupation. Using the PIAAC survey, we show that women do less skill intensive tasks than men even within the same occupations. The gap in skill intensity cannot be explained by differential firm characteristics nor differences in cognitive skills. Instead, we show that skill intensity gap at the workplace is explained by the time spent in home production and the skill usage in leisure time. These empirical findings are consistent with a self-fulfilling equilibrium where statistical discrimination of firms causes gender differentials in skill use at the workplace and in leisure time at the same time.

Helyszín: MTA Humán Tudományok Kutatóháza, 1097 Budapest, Tóth Kálmán utca 4. fszt. K13 terem

Economics with policy – International seminar series

05/17/2018

Economics with policy – International seminar series

Lecture:

Paolo Zacchia  /IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca/

Helyszín: MTA Research House, conference room nr. K13, ground floor, 4 Tóth Kálmán street, 1097 Budapest

IE HAS seminar

05/24/2018

Koen Declerq (KU Leuven)
Gender differences in applying for STEM programs in higher education: evidence from a policy shift in Hungary (with Júlia Varga)

Abstract
We study how admission policies differently affect enrollment decisions of men and women and how these policies can increase enrollment of women in STEM programs. We apply our analysis to Hungary, where 44% of men and only 11% of women preferred a STEM program in their first year in higher education. We investigate how a policy reform that limited access to subsidized non-STEM programs, differently affected application decisions of men and women. We find that the reform reduced the number of students applying to higher education, and especially discouraged participation of women. After the reform, more men and women applied to STEM programs or non-subsidized non-STEM programs in which they have to pay tuition fees. This latter effect is more larger for women. We proceed by estimating a structural model to analyze how the responsiveness to admission probabilities in application decisions differs between men and women, and find that women are more sensitive to admission probabilities. We estimate the model on a sample before the policy reform and externally validate the model on the cohort affected by the reform. Finally, we use the model to simulate the impact of alternative admission policies on enrollment in STEM programs.

Helyszín: MTA Reserach House, Budapest, 4 Tóth Kálmán street, ground floor, room K13

MTA KRTK „Economics with policy”

05/31/2018

Program:

14:00-14:45 Dr. Tatyana Bystrova (Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia)
Growth or development: Philosophical fundamentals of modern urban processes

Abstract:
The lecture aims at correlating philosophical and urbanistic development notions. While quantitative indicators help explain urban growth processes, urban development is explained by qualitative ones. Current welfare indicators like happiness (R. Florida), integrity of object and space environments (D. Brook, V. L. Glazychev, and others), health and ecological activities, education, openness and others are often unquantified. Their existence proper signifies moving both cities and urban studies to a new level, since they are connected with development rather than growth.
However, while these ideas may seem a nice metaphor for experts, they need additional arguments. In order to make them approach relevance, we resort to the history of the concept formation. This enables us to observe how successful urban existence depends on the accurate interpretation of, or on random coincidence with authoritative philosophical and theoretical sources. Relying of practical concepts on the present philosophic-methodological basis makes it possible to avoid direct borrowing from available approaches to develop a city (for example, everyone is engaged in territorial branding, or organizes a City Day, or employs the Creative City concept of Charles Landry, etc.) and to consider the peculiarity of each party as much as possible when there is the similarity of instruments, objectives and their fulfilment strategy.
In this presentation, we analyze 3 approaches:
– Reduction or Specification?
– Organicism or controlled systematicity?
– Evenness or unevenness?
The principal historic-cultural development interpretations are highlighted, and the significance of this concept for enhancing the modern urban environment is shown. The author proves that referring to philosophical development interpretations by experts provides the highest degree of specification and feasibility of urban projects.

14:45-15:30 Viola Larionova (Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia)
Agglomeration Effects and Socioeconomic Potential for Sustainable Development of Small Cities

In the context of agglomeration processes taking place nowadays the problems of preserving small cities, their self-determination and the search for unique development paths are of major concern. It is small cities that occupy a significant part of urbanized territories in the world and mainly determine the level of social and economic development and the population welfare of the countries. Small cities in the surroundings of big agglomeration centers are experiencing strong problems connected with outflow of population, the lack of qualified personnel, decrease of the economic growth rate, deterioration of the investment climate and quality of living environment. Only some of these cities can follow a sustainable development strategy by choosing one of the alternative favorable scenarios, which include, in particular, the strategy of a small city as a part of an agglomeration with clear positioning and defining its role, functions and benefits.
The research is devoted to evaluation of agglomeration effects and potential of social and economic development of the urban territory using the case of Yekaterinburg agglomeration which includes one of the biggest Russian cities with population of about 1.5 million people and its city-satellites of the first and the second belts (in the vicinity of 60 km from Yekaterinburg). All these small cities are different in population, industry scale and level of socio-economic development. The crisis of old industrial areas caused by technological changes of the early 21st century, has led to the bankruptcy of their enterprises and population outflow from these cities, but they still have a considerable technical, industrial potential and significant natural and human resources for their sustainable development in new economic environment.
An urban agglomeration refers to a complex multicomponent dynamic system with different economic relations, transport and cultural bonds which can maximize its effect by means of integrity and cooperation. Large cities provide greater opportunity for economies of scale, availability of quality human capital, cluster effects, innovation processes and knowledge spillover, but under certain conditions smaller cities can also achieve some of the agglomeration effects which can play an important role in territory development.
On the basis of mathematical modelling the authors define dominant trends of economic development of the city- satellites of Yekaterinburg and the agglomeration as a whole, cluster them into different subgroups according to their social and economic potential and create a model of the territory development in midterm period. Using official statistic data on municipal development the time–dependences of socioeconomic development indicators for all cities of Yekaterinburg agglomeration were studied, and clustering was made with the help of Kohonen Self-Organizing Networks. To measure the level of agglomeration economies we used the Cobb-Douglas model, which allowed estimating elasticities of supply of labor and capital in the cities of the agglomeration.
Defining the tendencies of the agglomeration formation on the basis of system approach and citizens’ views allows justified optimal decision making on the strategic and tactic issues of the small cities’ development. The results of the research can be used by the cities’ administrative bodies to find the most appropriate and effective form of interaction between municipalities.

15:30-16:30 Nagy Erika–Nagy Gábor: Neoliberal European urbanism meets local strategies on the periphery – Culture and tourism-centred urban development in Gyula, Hungary (MTA KRTK RKI, Békéscsaba)

Helyszín: Research Centre for Economic and Regional Studies - 7621 Pécs, Papnövelde u. 22. - Conference room